Free Essays on The Cast of Anontillado

The Paradox of Revenge â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† raises a question pertaining to the multiple character of the self (Davidson 202); Can harmony of one's self be restored once primal impulses have been acted upon? This question proposes the fantasy of crime without consequence (Stepp 60). Edgar Allan Poe uses first person point of view, vivid symbolism and situational irony to show that because of man's inner self, revenge is ultimately not possible. Edward Davidson suggests that Montresor, the main character of the story, "has the power of moving downward from his mind or intellectual being and into his brute or physical self and then return again to his intellectual being with his total self being unimpaired" (202). However, Poe tells this story from Montresor’s point of view. The use of first person narration provides the reader with insight into Montresor's inner struggles. First person narration is Poe's method of insuring the reader understands that Montresor is not successful at this harmony. The thoughts and feelings of Montresor lead the reader to conclude that he is not successful at revenge. Montresor says in telling his story, "You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however that I gave utterance to a threat" (153). By communicating in this way, the question arises of who Montresor is actually speaking to, and why he is telling this story fifty years later. One can only conclude that it is for one of two reasons: he is either bragging or finally giving confession. As he tells the story, it becomes obvious that he has not yet filled his need to win, and now a half of a century later, is still struggling with his conscience. As Gregory Jay states, "Introspection produces a doppelganger who becomes a moral antagonist" (84). This is similar to Ken Frieden's theory that a rhetorical moment takes the place of a ghost and the speaker is driven to confess (144). Both of these thoughts are developed becaus... Free Essays on The Cast of Anontillado Free Essays on The Cast of Anontillado The Paradox of Revenge â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† raises a question pertaining to the multiple character of the self (Davidson 202); Can harmony of one's self be restored once primal impulses have been acted upon? This question proposes the fantasy of crime without consequence (Stepp 60). Edgar Allan Poe uses first person point of view, vivid symbolism and situational irony to show that because of man's inner self, revenge is ultimately not possible. Edward Davidson suggests that Montresor, the main character of the story, "has the power of moving downward from his mind or intellectual being and into his brute or physical self and then return again to his intellectual being with his total self being unimpaired" (202). However, Poe tells this story from Montresor’s point of view. The use of first person narration provides the reader with insight into Montresor's inner struggles. First person narration is Poe's method of insuring the reader understands that Montresor is not successful at this harmony. The thoughts and feelings of Montresor lead the reader to conclude that he is not successful at revenge. Montresor says in telling his story, "You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however that I gave utterance to a threat" (153). By communicating in this way, the question arises of who Montresor is actually speaking to, and why he is telling this story fifty years later. One can only conclude that it is for one of two reasons: he is either bragging or finally giving confession. As he tells the story, it becomes obvious that he has not yet filled his need to win, and now a half of a century later, is still struggling with his conscience. As Gregory Jay states, "Introspection produces a doppelganger who becomes a moral antagonist" (84). This is similar to Ken Frieden's theory that a rhetorical moment takes the place of a ghost and the speaker is driven to confess (144). Both of these thoughts are developed becaus...

Summary of The Great Gatsby

Summary of The Great Gatsby Published in 1925, F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby is frequently studied in American literature classrooms (college and high school). Fitzgerald used many of the events from his early life in this semi-autobiographical novel. Hed already become financially successful with the publication of This Side of Paradise in 1920. The book is listed on the Modern Librarys list of 100 Best Novels of the 20th Century. Publisher Arthur Misener wrote: I think it (The Great Gatsby) is incomparably the best piece of work you have done. Of course, he also said that the novel was somewhat trivial, that it reduces itself, in the end, to a son of anecdote. Some of the very elements that brought the book acclaim were also the source of criticism. But, it was (and still is) considered by many to be one of the great masterworks of the time period, and one of the great American novels. Description Title: The Great GatsbyAuthor: F. Scott FitzgeraldType of Work Genre: Modernist Novel; FictionTime Place (Setting): Long Island and New York City; Summer 1922Publisher: Charles Scribners SonsPublication Date: April 10, 1925Narrator: Nick CarrawayPoint of View: First and Third Person Basics Great American literary classicOne of F. Scott Fitzgeralds most famous worksChronicled 1920s America, the Jazz AgeChallenged at the Baptist College in Charleston, SC (1987): language and sexual referencesThe first novel that Scribners had published that contained foul language. How It Fits In The Great Gatsby is usually the novel for which F. Scott Fitzgerald is best remembered. With this and other works, Fitzgerald forged his place in American literature as the chronicler of the Jazz Age of the 1920s. Written in 1925, the novel is a snapshot of the time period. We experience the glittery-splendiferous world of the wealthy- with the accompanying emptiness of morally decayed hypocrisy. Gatsby represents so much that is seductive, but his pursuit of passion- at the expense of all else- leads him to his own ultimate destruction. Fitzgerald writes: I wanted to get out and walk eastward toward the park through the soft twilight, but each time I tried to go I became entangled in some wild, strident argument which pulled me back, as if with ropes, into my chair. Yet high over the city our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets... I saw him too, looking up and wondering. I was within and without. Do you ever feel within and without? What do you think it means? Characters Nick Carraway: A Midwesterner, who sells bonds. Narrator. He observes and describes the rise and fall of Jay Gatsby.Daisy Buchanan: Wealthy. Cousin of Nick Carraway. Tom Buchanans wife.Tom Buchanan: Wealthy. Philanderer. Daisy Buchanans husband. Powerful personality.Jay Gatsby: A self-made man. The epitome of American Dream. A fascinatingly unforgettable figure in American literature. His parents were poor farmers. After getting a taste for wealth, he went into the Army, attended Oxford and quickly accumulated wealth via nefarious means. With his stupendous rise to great fortune, he was fated to fall.Jordan Baker: Daisys friend.George Wilson: Myrtle Wilsons husband.Myrtle Wilson: Tom Buchanans mistress. George Wilsons wife.Meyer Wolfsheim: An underworldly, criminal figure. Jay Gatsbys acquaintance.

Non-Sovereign small islands in the international economy Essay

Non-Sovereign small islands in the international economy - Essay Example Generally speaking, the OFCs were accused in undermining the stability and inviolability of the global financial system. To manage the situation, a group of initiatives were taken by the Financial Stability Forum, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Union and the Financial Action Task Force (Woodward 686). In addition to the development of small islands as offshore financial centres, there are some other examples of cases when many small islands have exceeded in small-scale, high-value service and product-niching in various fields of economic activities, including: finance and banking, brokerage, tourism and hospitality (Baldacchino 254). This paper is focused on the research the small islands, performing an important role in the international economy and on the global arena. The more detailed analysis is carried out for the British Isle’s Crown dependencies: the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands o f Jersey and Guernsey, as well the Prince Edward Island. The Financial Services Sector: the Isle of man, the Channel Islands and New "Havens"Among Developing Small Islands There are many various definitions of the offshore, which is the evidence of the challenges which many scholars and economists face in attempt to explain this concept precisely. For example, Palan defines the offshore as a â€Å"special territorial or juridical enclave†, in which regulation or taxation in the state is either partially or fully withheld (cited by Payne 627-628). While significant stress in the definition of the offshore falls on the territorial dimension, juridical properties is what really matters. Richard Woodward clarifies this view by the statement: â€Å"offshore is a legal as well as physical domain; where an activity takes place is secondary to the rules under which it takes place† (cited by Payne 628). Even though there are some slight variations in definitions, offshore finan cial centres have a set of common characteristics. The offshore financial centers can be characterized by the following attributes: minimal taxes or tax free; bank anonymity and secrecy laws at a high level, a high number of financial institutions, which serve mainly non-residents; flexibility of use of various company structures, the proportions of financial systems are exceeding needs of the domestic economy, light financial regulation (Levin 2), protection of the secrecy of transactions and few or no restrictions of financial transactions (Palan 155). The most successful OFCs are characterized also by stable economic and political climate, support from of a large international financial market, money laundering or drug money scandals free, availability of agreements for avoiding double-taxation with major countries, and are easily reached due to established information-exchange facilities (Palan 156). Referring back to the last item, many OFCs are developing laws and investing in telecommunications for attracting e-commerce providers (Levin 5). Obviously, telecommunications and IT is a very important factor that enables OFCs to respond to the needs of their customers and operatively react to external changes. Financial centres can be distinguished by many different ways. Thus, for example, International Monetary Fund (n.p.) has developed its own way of differentiation of the financial centers by splitting those into three categories: 1. International financial centres (IFCs) – are large internation

Concept analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Concept analysis - Research Paper Example In the field of nursing, a number of variations of Wilson’s model of concept analysis are adopted to explain concepts. Wilson’s model of concept analysis is an 11-step approach to permit its users to gain a relative degree of clarity in thinking and perception and to cogently express a concept which may prove to be tricky. The technique is of great usefulness when it is employed to analyse a concept which may have multiple meanings. Wilson’s technique is followed to get to the root of the problem and the solution is reached when the results of the concept analysis can be displayed in language (Thompson, 2005). This paper will attempt to carry out a critical analysis of a problematic concept in literature. For this purpose, an empirical research article will be selected from a scientific journal and two major concepts in it will be identified. Then one of the major concepts will be analyzed using the 11-step technique proposed by Wilson. The article chosen for con cept analysis is an empirical research article written by McCabe, Ricciardelli and Banfield (2009). The article, titled ‘Depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning in preadolescent children’, was retrieved from Depression Research and Treatment. The aim of the study was to find out the fraction of children who are at-risk of depression or clinically depressed and to see what effects depression has on them. The authors selected a group of 510 children (270 boys 240 girls) and inspected them for signs of depression. The authors focus on a specific set of variables to find out their relation. There are two major concepts used in the paper. These are depression and at risk. In order to carry out a concept analysis, the concept is thoroughly examined and its meaning probed from a variety of sources. This paper will discuss the concept of depression and analyze it critically. The aim of the concept analysis will be to come to a clear and concise meaning for depression a nd its use in routine life. The word depression does not have a clear definition and people have differing views regarding it. The expression and perception of depression is influenced by a number of factors such as culture, context, social gatherings etc. According to Wilson, the first step in the process of concept analysis is the identification and isolation of the questions relating to the concept. These questions can be grouped into three main categories: facts, values and meanings. When analyzing depression, various questions regarding its nature and meaning arise. For example how is depression defined? What are the signs and symptoms of depression? Is depression different than unhappiness? Should depression of every kind be treated? According to Wilson, factual questions regarding the concept should be tackled by focusing on the existing literature. Questions relating to value and encompassing ‘shoulds’ are to be answered by considering the perception of influent ial figures or the society. The third set of questions is those concerned with meaning and is best dealt with when the questions are analyzed in the context of the concept behind them (Meleis, 2007). Having formulated the questions, the next step in Wilson’s technique of concept analysis is to identify the correct answers to the questions and discuss the important elements in them (Meleis, 2007). Depression has various uses depending on the context it is used. For example it is used in medicine to define a

The Best Way of Communication Essay Example for Free

The Best Way of Communication Essay Nowadays, much of the communication that takes place involves some sort of equipment, such as faxes, telephone calls, and e-mails. According to an investigation by The Associated Press (2010), communication equipment is becoming indispensable to people. In other words, people rely on it as never before. Is it proof that face-to-face communication is no longer important? Absolutely not! Face-to-face communication lets people directly know the actual personalities of people, and interact with each other without any barriers. Although as advanced technology develops, people have many new ways to keep connect with others, face-to-face communication is still the most important and effective method to communicate with others in education, business, and daily life. Education Online education is a teaching method, which uses a network media to allow students and teachers to carry out teaching and learning activities even thousands of miles away. First of all, it really breaks the constraints of time and space, because students and teachers do not have to go to school buildings. They can learn or teach anytime and anywhere. For example, Open University of Britain offers an online and distance education system called ODE, which has a worldwide reputation for education. This program, which has flexible teaching time, exclusively utilizes the online mode of teaching without any face-to-face sessions. In this way, Open University enrolls new students worldwide, and it gives people who do not have much time opportunities to gain professional knowledge. The students do not have to go to Britain, and they do not have to pay the high living expenses of studying in the UK. What’s more, the ODE, through a network teaching platform called FirstClass, provides online learning guides, software demo sites, articles, reports, books, and information resource links to students, and the students can get those resources at anytime. There are other online courses offered by reputable universities and colleges that allow students from different countries to opt for courses pertaining to their individual fields of education. According to an investigation by The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, there were over 3,000 open courseware courses  available from over 300 universities worldwide in 2006. For example, Open Yale Courses provides free and open access to a selection of introductory courses taught by distinguished teachers and scholars at Yale University. The aim of the project is to expand access to educational materials for all who wish to learn. In addition, each course includes a full set of class lectures produced in high-quali ty video accompanied by such other course materials as syllabi, suggested readings, exams, and problem sets. The lectures are available as downloadable videos, and an audio-only version is also offered. These courses allow people access to information and knowledge in their favorite fields. However, distance education lacks discipline and provides poor opportunities for interaction and social networking. This is because distance education operates through the Internet. This makes it unnecessary for professors and students who are in the same course to synchronize with others in the same time and space. It acts as a driving force for mobility of students, which causes confusion for classes and makes it hard for professors and administrators to supervise students. In addition, the students who attend online courses come from all walks of life, and their social rank, life experiences, attendance goals, learning styles, and cultural and educational backgrounds are all different. These things also increase the difficulty of management in the online education. On the other hand, in face-to-face education, teachers and administrators can monitor and manage students completely, making it possible to keep matters in good order. Students in online courses can, however, access knowledge and information much more easily. It makes students rely on the Internet, not only for personal uses but for work and study as well. As a result, students will sit in front of computers for hours each day and lack enough emotional communication. Today’s distance education neglects the factor of the emotions of students, and is not concerned with the emotional communication between teachers and students. More importantly, emotional education is a significant part of education, particularly in primary and secondary education. Teenagers form their values and moralities when they communicate with teachers or classmates in classes and schools. This is what distance education cannot achieve. As John Dewey (1944) said, Science and technology are not personality forces. They only act as intermediaries in education. No matter how powerful distance education is, if it ignores the  human emotions, it will lose the fundamental purpose of education. Therefore, distance education should never be a substitute for face-to-face education. Last but not least, in distance education, when teachers, students, and educational institutions use copyrighted materials, they cannot get the same treatment as people in physical classrooms. In other words, distance education will suffer many copyright infringement problems. According to the U.S. Copyright Law (1976), Section 110 (2), distance education has three weaknesses. The first is that the law has limited the types of copyrighted materials it recognizes in distance education: only non-dramatic works, articles and music are allowed to be shown in distance classes. Also, in the process of distance education, teachers, students and education institutions easily land in copyright infringement problems. Business With the development of technology, communication equipment is constantly emerging, such as email, the cell phone, text messaging, etc. In business communication, email is the most common method all in use over the world. It has three main advantages: it makes business information more accessible; and it provides for swifter communication in business activities; it breaks the constraints of time and space for business people to make contact with business partners. According to an investigation by the Direct Marketing Association in 2009, if an American business person invests $1 in commercial email, he would get $43.61 in return in one year. It seems that sending e-mails is a best way in business communication. However, the prospects for commercial email have not been good recently. When people receive hundreds of junk emails each week, the high rate of investment return will no longer exist. According to an investigation by FOB Business Forum, subscribers’ inboxes are full of needless emails currently, and 60% of subscribers choose to ignore all emails, this dashes to pieces business people’s hope for electronically establishing relationships with clients. On the contrary, in face-to-face communication, there is not much guesswork involved. Therefore, business people can set the foundation for trust with customers swiftly, and lasting business relationships easily. Video conferencing is also a popular commercial communications media in the 21st century. It is almost like the face-to-face meeting and non-verbal communication is also possible in video  conferencing. In fact, Dr. Albert Mehrabian, author of Silent Messages, said that over 90% of human communication is through nonverbal language like postures, gestures, eye contact and facial expressions. Video conferencing allows people to observe others’ appearances, movements and facial expressions in the same conferencing. What is more, people can show any material object, drawing and document they want. It enables businessmen to maximize the effectiveness of their negotiations. On the other hand, the success of video conferencing proves that face-to-face communication in business is still more effective than other types of communication. However, establishing video a conferencing network requires a great deal of funds, and the cost of maintaining and repairing the video equipment is also very high. It seems that video conferencing is not appropriate for all companies or organizations if face-to-face communication is still feasible. Email and video conferencing are not substitutes for face-to-face contact at all. As the economists Jess Gaspar and Ed Glaeser (2007) have pointed out, they are complements to face-to-face communication. Daily life In today’s world, a variety of communication equipments are packed into our life and electronic communication is better and cheaper than it is ever been. However, abusing communication equipments make people lacks emotional communication and provides poor opportunities for social networking. For example, in workplace, personal face-to-face communications can help people build relationship with their colleagues. The complexities of interpersonal relations cannot be interpreted by an e-mail, and a quick e-mail is absolutely not enough to maintain close association between two people. What is more, face-to-face communication is the key point in teamwork. According to an investigation by Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (2006), people who worked together and communicate with colleagues face-to-face did a better team job than another team who only use intercom to communicate with each colleague. Conclusion We live in the 21st century, an era of advanced science and technology, in which we have a great variety of communication equipment, such as cell phones, faxes, Internet, etc. These things bring a lot of benefits for all aspects of people’s lives. However, other types of communication can never  be a complete substitute for face-to-face communication. In business, education or daily life, face-to-face communication is the best method to communicate with others. References Browning, Dominique (Dec 4, 2011). Talking Face to Face Is So Yesterday. New York Times (Dec 4, 2011), p. SR.5. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com Gopal, Namita (2009). Business Communication. New Age International, Daryaganj, Delhi, IND, 74-77. Harford, Tim. FT.com site: Undercover economist: Keep it real. FT.com (Jan 26, 2007), p. 1. Retrieved from http:// www.ft.comLoose, Cindy. Online Education to Be Free; N.Va. Billionaire Envisions Cyber-U. The Washington Post (Mar 15, 2000), p. A.01. Retrieved from http://ic.galegroup.com.libproxy.bridgeport.edu

Comparing the two poems Porphyria’s Lover and My Last Duchess Essay

By comparing the two poems Porphyria’s Lover and My Last Duchess, explore how Browning deals worth the theme of jealousy. Jealousy is a theme that occurs quite regularly in Browning’s poems. This was particularly noticed in both of the poems ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ where in both cases, the male protagonists were jealous of the extra attention that their lovers received from other admirers. When studying both poems, the reader can create in their mind a vivid picture of both the female characters. However, because the male protagonists gave their view on their lovers, the reader is only given details about the male protagonists’ feelings, not about his features or qualities. Because of this, it needs to be taken into account that the reader is assessing the situation from only one particular point of view. In both of the poems ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ the reader is told that the male protagonist has murdered their lover as a result of jealousy. However, the murders are entirely different. In ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ the relationship between Porphyria and her lover is very positive and the reader can sense a strong bond between the two characters. Lines 29-34 show how strong the bond is between Porphyria and her lover. ‘For love of her and all in vain: So, she was come through wind and rain. Be sure I look’d up at her eyes Happy and proud; at last I knew Porphyria worshipp’d me surprise Made my heart swell, and still it grew’. Because of this strong bond between the two characters, there is evidence in the poem that Porphyria’s lover could not handle the thought of them not being together, and for this reason the lover murders Porphyria in a moment of passion. The reader c... ...actions. For this reason it would be correct for the reader to assume, that both of the female characters are partly to blame for the male protagonists’ actions. This is because the female characters were not focusing on their actual partners’ feelings, and were just pleasing themselves, regardless of how the situation was affecting their partner, or loved one. I think that Browning has dealt with the theme of jealousy in great depth and has shown the male protagonists’ feelings very thoroughly, making it possible for the readers to even sympathise with the male protagonists. Because of the way in which the theme of jealousy is portrayed, the reader can have a great understanding of the emotions the male protagonists are feeling throughout the poems. This makes the poem and the consequences of the female character’s actions, a lot easier to understand.

History of Ergonomics Essay

Ergonomics refers to the study of the interaction between humans and the environment. This study is aimed at understanding mechanisms that are necessary in order to improve the working conditions of humans. Such working conditions include health, performance and comfort. The study is intended at enhancing strategies that optimize the performance of humans at work. This implies that it focuses on techniques that are required to restructure office etiquette and procedures in order to improve the overall productivity. However, ergonomics is not necessarily limited to office environment as it also encompasses other fields of human life. In a practical perspective, ergonomics is a science concerned with the design of office equipments and artifacts in order to improve the comfort of workers and improve the overall productivity and effectiveness (Gilmore et al. , 1998). An ergonomicist is interested in the study of the interaction between humans and the tools they use in their working environments. The study of ergonomic includes the design of office equipments and space, and the positioning of switches in control rooms. It additionally includes the study of the interaction of the human behavior and their surrounding. This study originated form Greece where the term ergonomics was derived from ergon meaning work and nomos meaning natural law in Greek. Later on a 19th century sociologist Fredrik Taylor invented the term ‘Scientific management’ to gain maximum results in the factory work. Since then, the practice of ergonomics has tremendously developed over time. As the age of space approaches, new factors continue to emerge such as weightlessness and gravitational force. As the modern world progresses into the future, the field of ergonomics continues to become more sophisticated. In the United States, an army personnel known as Alphonse Chapanis in 1943 explained that plane accidents caused by pilot errors could be significantly be reduced by using a more simple and rational cockpit instead of the common control layout (Jubel, 2007). Institutional ergonomics is concerned with the socio-technical aspects of the work environment which refers to the amalgamation of structure, process and organizational strategies. Cognitive ergonomics deals with the psychological perspectives of the workplace which involves the study of ideas, opinion and memory. In academic viewpoint, the study of ergonomics would comprise the knowledge of psychology, engineering and health science. It is therefore necessary for an ergonomicist to possess a bachelors or masters degree in these disciplines. The practice of ergonomics can find use in several aspects of human life such as workplace, home setting, education and sports. The practical study of ergonomics involves the design of working equipments such as computer chairs or keyboards. Other ergonomic discipline involves the study of the environment of the world as is referred to as quantum ergonomics (Gilmore et al. 1998). History of ergonomics In the United States, the field of ergonomic is believed to have originated during the period of the Second World War (Wickens & Hollands, 2000), even though developments that led to its inception can be traced back to the 20th century. Before the Second World War, the main focus of the work place was designing humans to adapt to the machines used at work basically referred to trial and error method as opposed to designing the machines used at work to match the requirements of humans. This can be observed form the study conducted by Taylor in which the selection criteria, time and motion studies, training and work rest programs were examined (Taylor, 1911). This study of time and motions was expounded by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (Gilbreth & Gilbreth, 1917). Majority of the ergonomic developments were necessitated by military requirements. With the commencement of the First World War, which was the first conflict where airplane was used in combat, there emerged the need to adequately train pilots new mechanisms of war. This necessitated the development of new aviation technologies based on psychology. In addition these trends prompted the emergence of aeromedical research studies. Even though progress was made during this period, the momentum for developing and exploring the discipline further was no achieved since there was lack of vital technological advancements and personnel due to the ongoing Second World War (Meister, 1999). The period between the First World War and the Second World War recorded a significant decline in research, however, some success were realized during this period. Aeromedical research work did not stop during this time which realized advances in several laboratories built across the United States such as the Brooks Air Force Base located in the city of Texas and the Wright Field situated in Ohio. These laboratories were significant in the development of ergonomics. Their study was focused on identification of attributes of successful pilots and establishing the impacts of environment stressors on the performance and productivity of flights. Furthermore, the study of anthropometry which is a field concerned with the measurement of the human body was considerably employed in designing airplanes during this period. Other researches were also being done in the private sector such as the automobile behavioral studies (Forbes, 1939). The emergence of the Second World War, and its accompanied needs, formed the driving force behind the development of the field of ergonomics. First, the demand of mobilizing and recruiting substantial numbers of people both men and women made it very difficult for individuals to specialize in a particular job. Therefore, there was a shift in focus where individual’s capability was designed in order to reduce the negative impacts of their shortcomings. Secondly, the period of the Second World War witnessed the turning point in terms of technological advances. The rapid development of technology outpaced the capability of human to adapt and offset poor designs. This was particularly observed in airplane accidents experienced by vastly trained pilots as a result of problems witnessed with the configuration of the control systems and the instrument displays (Fitts & Jones, 1947). In addition, enemy targets were unfortunately missed by machine controlled radars (Wickens & Hollands, 2000). Psychologists were employed to experiment and study these emerging issues by employing laboratory mechanisms in order to solve these problems. As a result, the discipline was ergonomics emerged despite the fact that the people involved in its development failed to realize it during this period (Meister, 1999). The two subsequent decades immediate after the Second World War witnessed a growing military research catalyzed largely by the emergence of the cold war. Military research institutions developed during this war were enlarged and new ones created. The private sectors also continued to develop ergonomic groups mainly in aviation and communication, and digital Industry. The Human Factors Society, a professional body mandated to study ergonomics in the United States was established in 1957 and had an approximate of 90 members then who attended the first inaugural meeting. This name was later abolished in 1992 and replaced with the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Currently, this society boasts of over 4500 people, majority of who are participants in the technical groups established under this society, student bodies and attend the yearly meetings. Beginning in the 1960s, the field of ergonomics continued to expand especially in the previously identified areas. This development expanded into new fields such as computer architecture and software, nuclear weaponry, internet technology among others. In the recent past, new areas of study have emerged which includes neuroergonomics and nanoergonomics (Jubel, 2007). Conclusion A persistent premise that has been developed over several decades is the ever increasing center of influence that ergonomics has attempted to encompass, as technological advances continue to emerge. What simply began as a mere detachment of experimental psychology focusing on the interaction and relationship of people with machines in the work place has tremendously expanded to cover almost all aspects of interaction of individuals and their environment. Several researchers have hypothesized about the future of human factors and ergonomics. With the speedy technological advances in such areas as biotechnology and nanotechnology, it would be very exciting to speculate the emerging problems that ergonomics would be called upon to solve in the future (Vicente, 2008). In the today’s modern world, as it was the case during its inception, human factors and ergonomics has still remained a multi disciplinary field of study. In the United States for instance, this discipline has expanded from behavioral sciences including empirical psychology, and some engineering fields of study. Among the countries in the European block, the discipline of human factors and ergonomics has found its stronghold in physical science disciplines such as human physiology. Currently, people from diverse educational backgrounds and disciplines varying from physiology, engineering and psychology have focused their exclusive skills and knowledge in the study of the interaction and relationship of people with systems.

Environmental Ethical Issues Essay

Environmental ethics is the discipline that studies the moral status, relationship and value of human beings to the environment, along with its nonhuman contents. It is the branch of environmental philosophy that extends the conventional boundaries of ethics that solely takes on humans by embracing the nonhuman world. It employs influence on an enormous variety of disciplines including geography, ecology, economics, theology, sociology and law. Throughout the years, this discipline examined issues concerning global warming and ozone depletion, energy use and production, toxic waste, water quality, extinction, tropical deforestation, fisheries management, forestry management and waste management. History While nature was the center of attention of numerous nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, the modern environmental ethics only came into view as a scholarly discipline during the 1970s. Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring in 1963, is among the available work that drew attention to the crisis (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). Carson’s work is made up of several essays earlier published in the New Yorker magazine pointing how pesticides like deildrin, aldrin and DDT coalesced all the way through the food web. Carson theorizes that commercial farming practices designed at exploiting crop profits and yields are capable of affecting both public and environmental health. Conversely, in 1967, historian Lynn White Jr. argues that the historical root of the environmental crisis is people’s Judeo-Christian philosophy that promotes the overexploitation of environment (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). White suggests that the attitude sustains human superiority over every other life form on earth and expresses that nature is created for human exploitation. White’s theory is extensively discussed in history, theology and has been exposed to a number of sociological testing, on top of it being repeatedly discussed by philosophers. In 1968, Paul Ehrlich, a Stanford ecologist, published â€Å"The Population Bomb,† forewarning that the escalation of human population will endanger the environmental systems’ capability to provide life-support (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). In addition, the forester Aldo Leopold had also campaigned for the conservation and appreciation of environment (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). The concerns were inspired by a combination of aesthetic and ethical responses to nature and a denunciation to offensive economic approaches that undermines the significance of the environment. Taken as a whole, however, the different viewpoints of the aforesaid philosophers have also led to the emergence of reasonably diverse environmental ethics. Current Events Currently, environmental ethics are laying down issues in numerous areas of the bio community. For instance, the World Health Organization asserts that pesticide poisoning, particularly in developing countries, causes almost 50,000 deaths every year; while the US Office of Technology Assessment claims that more than 90 percent of all human cancers are biologically induced and are obviously avoidable (Frechette, n. d. , p. 2). Some believe that the major perpetrator of this dilemma is industrial pollution, in view of the fact that the cancer rate is likely tagging along the industrialization rate all over the world. However, the most apparent consequence that unethical use of the environment has brought today is the gradual changes in the global climate. There is now a vast scientific concurrence that global warming is happening and human stimulated the said dilemma. With global warming on the rise and species and habitats dwindling, the probabilities for ecosystems to naturally adapt are diminishing. Accordingly, the supporters of environmental ethics have the same opinion that something needs to be done regarding climate change and global warming. Future Many people concur that climate change may be one of the greatest issues in environmental ethics in the future. However, there are other issues in environmental ethics that are expected to continue in the future including the wilderness destruction, waste, species extinction, resource depletion, poverty, population, nuclear weapons, marine pollution, energy, ecosystems, deforestation, atmospheric pollution and the most undervalued genetic engineering. In the United States, roughly 75 percent of its processed food contains various genetically modified ingredients (McLean, 2008). Even though humans were already altering crops long before the arrival of modern biotechnology and genetics; however, with the growing human population and the effects of climate change, it is even more expected that this process will become exceptionally prevalent in the future. Environmental ethics in food crops genetic engineering creates issues like imminent hazards to the wildlife and environment; potential socio-economic consequences; impending dangers to human health; and potential to public confidence caused in some way by refusal to label genetically modified foods as such (McLean, 2008). The field of environmental ethics is evidently important as it is concerned with the formulation of humans’ moral obligations with regard to the environment. Several concepts developed to provide solution to some issues include government intervention and market failure, economic efficiency, valuing environmental resources, and the relationship between the aggregate economy and the environment. However, without the involvement of the numerous large polluters, it may be expected that these concepts will fall short. Conclusion The convergence of legal, political and ethical debates concerning the environment, the emergence of attitudes that strengthen animal rights activism and the enigmas over whether an environment ethic is something new or only an extension or modification of existing ethical theories are continually revealed in wider political and social movements. Because of the growing concern for the environment and the consequence that human actions bring upon the environment, it is evident that the field of environmental ethics will be even more indispensable in times to come. Nevertheless, despite all of these upheavals caused by divergent philosophies, every one must indispensably remember the basic rule that environmental actions are ethical when it tends to safeguard the beauty, stability, and integrity of the environmental community and it is unethical when it tends otherwise. References Frechette, K. S. (n. d. ). Ethical Issues in Environmental and Occupational Health. Association of Schools of Public Health. Retrieved May 7, 2009, from http://www.asph. org/UserFiles/Module7. pdf McLean, M. R. (2008). The Future of Food: An Introduction to the Ethical Issues in Genetically Modified Foods. Santa Clara University. Retrieved May 8, 2009, from http://www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/medical/conference/presentations/genetically-modified-foods. html Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2008, January 3). Environmental Ethics. Retrieved May 7, 2009, from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/ethics-

Deontological Teleological Theories

Deontological Teleological Theories Free Online Research Papers There are three types of ethical systems. The normative ethical system can be broken down into three categories: Deontological ethics, Teleological ethics, and Virtue ethics. In this paper I will be discussing the differences between Deontological and Teleological ethics as well as the problems with both. I will also discuss where my beliefs stand and compare them to others. Deontology derives from the Greek work â€Å"deon-†, which means â€Å"duty†, and â€Å"-ology† which means the study of. It is the approach to ethics that is mainly about the rightness or wrongness of a particular action as opposed to consequences of the action itself. It is also described as â€Å"duty† or â€Å"described† ethics. Also described as â€Å"moral absolutists†, Deontologists believe that ethics â€Å"bind you to your duty.† Morality is an absolute no matter the penalty or consequence. Basically, if you are ethical it is because you are doing what you have to according to duty. You are bound to the rules as a duty to society. The famous Immanuel Kant believed that it is always wrong to lie, no matter what the consequence(s) are. Even if someone is facing the possibility of death, and you have the opportunity to save them with a lie, that would be unethical in it’s stance. There are some ethical theories that deal with deontological studies. There is: divine command, duty theories, rights theories, contractarianism, and monistic deontology. Divine command is one of the most common beliefs of deontological theories. It is the theory that their moral obligations are to God, and no one else. An action is morally accurate when it is in agreement with the rules and duties established by God. Duty theories are morally correct if it is an accord with some list of duties or obligations. Someone would make a list of duties or obligations that they deem moral. They would then abide by those rules at any cost. No matter that the consequence, they abode by those rules (most of the time they were rules they found directly from the Bible). Rights theories deem an action morally right if it respects the rights of all persons or members of society. Rights theories was a political philosophy that believes people should be free to do whatever they wish as long as it does not infringe on the rights of others. This theory is also called Libertarianism. Contractarianism is considered an action that is morally right if it is in accordance with the rules that rational moral agents would agree to observe upon entering into a social relationship (contract) for mutual benefit. This is also sometimes referred to as Contractualism. Most would not agree upon this theory because it does not have much to do with ethical laws. Monistic deontology has to do with an action that is morally right if it agrees with some at least one deontological principle that guides all other subsidiary principles. So, as long as there is one guide – let’s say that guide is the Bible – you abide with than you are morally right and it would be acceptable. Now there are some problems with the deontological theory. Most of the time there tends to be a conflict of rules. There would be a rule not to lie as well as a rule not to harm any person physically. Those two rules seem pretty easy to abide by right? Well, what if you have to lie in order to not hurt a person? There are some situations that would constitute a confliction of convictions. That is when most would just choose the â€Å"lesser of two evils,† but that would make a person rely on which of the two has the least evil consequence. Therefore, the choice would have been made as a consequentialist or teleological basis rather than a deontological basis. That is where the two collide. Another problem with the deontological moral system is that it does not allow for any grey areas. It is based on absolutes where the morality of an action is never questioned. In most cases we do have conflicting duties and issues that makes decisions difficult to decipher if you are a deontological believer. As well, rules and duties change as time goes by making it difficult to follow all the same rules all the time especially when the consequences change as frequently. Teleology is the study of design and purpose. The root word â€Å"telos† means end or purpose. A teleological based thought is directed toward the end result. Teleology is a more humanistic point of view. It is to do whatever is in the best interest of the being. Teleology deals with foreseeing the consequences rather than just abiding robotically by rules. Thus, when we are making choices that result in the correct consequences, then we are acting morally. When we make choices that result in the incorrect consequences, then we are acting immorally. In order to make moral choices we have to have some understanding of what the result from our choices will be. It is said that there are two types of a final cause: extrinsic and intrinsic finality. Extrinsic finality consists of a person realizing that their purpose is the utility and welfare of other beings. For example, grass is made to grow in order to sustain the life of animals and animals are designed to sustain the life of humans. The intrinsic finality consists of a person realizing that its purpose is directed toward the perfection of its own nature. So, life is given to us and we are intended to behave in certain ways so as to preserve ourselves from death, disease, and pain. Aside from deontological and teleological ethics, there is virtue ethics. Virtue ethics is a virtue-based theory that places less emphasis on what rules people should follow. It instead focuses on helping people develop good character traits. It is believed with virtue ethics that these character traits will, in turn, allow a person to make the correct decisions later on in life. Virtue theorists also emphasize the need for people to learn how to break bad habits of character. These â€Å"bad traits† are called â€Å"vices† and they stand in the way of becoming a good person. I think I would have to more agree with virtue ethics. Since you cannot always follow the rules and still remain constantly moral than why try so hard? Rules do change all the time and you cannot follow every rule all the time. I don’t think someone is unethical simply because they do not keep every rule ever. When it comes to ones duties, I do believe you should adhere to your personal duties and keep your word. So my ethical view wouldn’t be too deontological. I also don’t think I have a teleological view on ethics either. I don’t think you should base your personal code of ethics on what the consequences are going to be. Sometimes the consequences of telling the truth are bad, but you should do it anyway. The end result is not always the most important thing to think about when you are making a moral decision because you do not know the future, and cannot rightfully predict what would happen. So, virtue ethics is where I stand so far. I think as long as you have good character than you will be able to make right choices in life. Ethics has to do with who you are. Research Papers on Deontological the Transition from Private to PublicThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicDistance Learning Survival GuideSexually Transmitted DiseasesThe Story of Beatrix Potter

Beware these Dangerous E-Z Pass Scams

Beware these Dangerous E-Z Pass Scams Want to jump on the fast lane to becoming an identity theft victim? Simple! Just fall for the dangerous and tricky E-Z Pass email phishing scam. The E-Z Pass system  automatic toll collection system  allows subscribers to avoid having to stop at crowded highway toll plazas. Once the driver has set up an E-Z Pass prepaid account, they receive a small electronic transponder that attaches to the inside of the windshield of their vehicle. When they travel thru a toll facility where E-Z Pass is accepted, an antenna at the toll plaza reads their transponder and automatically debits their account the appropriate amount for the toll. E-Z Pass is currently available in 17 states, with over 35 million E‑Z Pass devices in circulation.   According to the Federal Trade Commission, potential victims targeted by this scam get an email appearing to be from their state E-Z Pass toll road agency. The email will have a realistic E-Z Pass logo and will use pretty threatening language to informing you that you owe money for driving on a toll road without paying or using E-Z Pass. The email also contains the â€Å"hook† in the form of a link to a website where you can view your supposed invoice and take care of your supposed fine without fear of further legal action against you. The scam email is not from the real E-Z Pass Group, an association of toll agencies in 17 states that manages the popular E-Z Pass program. While the E-Z Pass system  operates in only 17  states, and your state may not even have any toll roads, you may still be targeted by the E-Z Pass scam, because  the scam emails are being sent to consumers nationwide. The Worst That Can Happen If you click on the link given in the email, the scumbags running the scam will try to put malware on your computer. And if you give the fake E-Z Pass website any of your personal information, they will almost certainly use it to steal your identity. Goodbye money, credit rating, and personal security. How to Protect Yourself from the Scam The FTC recommends that if you get the E-Z Pass email, do not click on any links in the message or try to reply to it. If you think the email may really be from E-Z Pass or if you think you might actually owe a toll road payment, contact E-Z Pass customer service to confirm that it is really from them. The E-Z Pass email is only one of a seemingly endless list of similar phishing scams, in which scammers pose as legitimate businesses in an attempt to steal consumers’ personal information. To help stay safe from these dangerous scams, the FTC advises: Never click on any links in emails unless you are certain you know or do business with the sender.Never reply to any emails that ask for personal or financial information. Even if the sender is legitimate, email is not a secure way to send such information. In fact, it is never a good idea to include things like your Social Security number or bank account information in any email message, including those you send.Always keep your computer security software current and active. How to Turn the Scammers In If you think you might have gotten a phishing scam email or be a victim of one, you can: Forward the suspect email to spamuce.gov and to the company impersonated in the email.File an official complaint with the Federal Trade Commission’s online FTC Complain Assistant. The E-Z Pass Transponder Theft Scam Another dangerous E-Z Pass scam has nothing to do with email. In this simple act of costly mayhem, thieves find cars and trucks that have been left unlocked so they do not have to break in. Once inside the vehicle, the thief simply steals the victim’s E-Z Pass device and replaces it with a non-operating fake one. In a matter of seconds, the crime that can cost the victim for months, or at least until they figure it out. In 2016, one stolen EZ Pass transponder in Pennsylvania racked up more than $11,000 in fraudulent charges before its real owner discovered the crime. As police advise, avoiding the E-Z Pass transponder theft scam is simple: Lock your car or truck.

Delegation in Nursing Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Delegation in Nursing Care - Assignment Example As the discussion outlines, based on the scenario presented in the case, it would be prudent for Rose to begin by attending to the most pressing issues. The most pressing issue, according to the case, that Rose should attend to first is Mr. R. in Room 228 whose pain medication is already late. This is because Mr. R. is feeling a lot of pain and his health might deteriorate if not attended to immediately. Therefore, it would be very critical for Rose to leave everything she intended to do to ensure that Mr. R. receives the necessary attention to save him from his immense pain.  If the reporter were the charge nurse, the following is how I would have done the patient assignment at the beginning of the shift: Firstly, the reporter would have ensured that all the patients in need of urgent care are attended to first. For instance, it emerged that Mr. R is complaining that his pain medication is late. Therefore, to avoid such situations, I would have ensured that all patients in dire ne ed of care are attended to first. This will be followed by ensuring that all the delegable tasks are assigned to different nurse assistants to ensure that all patients are attended to on time. Delegation would ensure that I only handle tasks, which are not delegable, such as those involving patient assessment, evaluation and judgment. From the list provided, there are a number of tasks which Rose cannot delegate. Firstly, Rose cannot delegate activity. This is because activity involves an assessment of the patient. Assessment activities must be done by a registered professional nurse, thus cannot be delegated. Secondly, Rose cannot delegate activity two since the activity involves the admission of medications, which must be administered by a registered professional nurse.